Class Prophecy 2012 Essay

Having stayed for five years in France for my masteral studies and job as historical journalist in CNN, made me long to go back to my country. I wanted to stay with my family, reunite with old friends, and render my hard work to my countrymen. I know that my studies and my work have led me to different places across the globe, meet new peoples, and lead a wonderful and meaningful life. However, as the rugged saying goes â€Å"there is no place like home†. Upon the completion of my thesis my concluding documentary, and my book about the Philippines in France, I bade everyone â€Å"au revoir† â€Å"until next time† and happily went back to Philippines. Inside the plane we were given all the luxuries that we can afford in this long ride home, that almost always include a newspaper. As I browsing through the pages of the newspaper, I was awestricken by the names that I saw in the bylines. They were of Jenzen Anzano – writing news for the Metro; and Valeriano Onia – reporting about the recent battle of Ginebra versus Rain or Shine. But the good news doesn’t just end there, Mila Mary Lyn Maralit’s chemical invention have earned her an award from the President of the Philippines, Alyssa Mae G. Daraog. Then on the Health and Fitness Section was the full-page length column of the famous psychologist Richard Sanchez. With all their abilities and talents way back our high school years, we knew that these former classmates would indeed become successful and it is heartwarming to learn that these Lucians were pioneers in adhering to the CORE values that we cherished in our high school years. Many hours passed and the song in the plane shifted from The Beatles; to the Lady Antebellum’s; to SNSD’s; to the Hotdog’s Manila. By then we knew that we are approaching the Philippine territory and in no more than an hour we shall be landing. Suddenly, a lady in black dress approached me. It was Mara Cassandra Gomez! She told me that she was in France for two weeks to attend for an international conference in Psychology. We talked and talked until we are notified to go back our seats and fasten our seatbelts for our landing. I can feel the plane slowly going down and sudden gosh of excitement and relief that embraced my being when I finally felt the bump of the wheels in the land of my country. I’m finally back! My first two weeks were spent in countless reunions and homecoming then I wondered where are my high school schoolmates, classmates, friends? I hope to meet them again. However, now is not the time to think about those, we will soon find our ways. By now, I have to work-on my job in the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Right there and then, I was accepted and given projects. First on the list was the Bangon Tribe in Mindoro. I am thrilled because I am the one in-charge of such meticulous and comprehensive task that we shall carry-on. I decided to go to the bookstore to enhance my knowledge and to at least familiarize myself with their environs. As my car was driving along EDSA the billboard of Rowielyn Singh and Jaypee De Castro, the hosts of WilTime Big Time was prominently displayed, then there is also another billboard of pop star singers, Ma. Diana Derpo, Binna Azucenas, and Ericka Faye delos Santos inviting everyone to join in their concert at the Mall of Rommel Concepcion’s Concert Grounds. Lucians of batch 2012’s progress can’t be stopped. From De Castro to Rosario Village/Tramo ; now Lucians are domineering EDSA and filling up the key positions in our society! As I went inside the bookstore, my attention was caught by the book at top of the best-sellers list. That was the name of Rhoxanne Villasin, she is the author of this year’s bestselling book. I grabbed my copy of her book then bought the materials that I needed for my work. Nearby I saw a new mall named Von’s. I went inside and I was really amazed with the beauty and intricate details of the place. While strolling along I heard someone shouted my name. Few steps away from me was Glenn Rose Baculanlan! Dressed like a Parisian doll, she and four other ladies in office attire went to me. Glenn Rose is now a model and the four ladies with her are Roselyn Monforte, Louise May Mackay, Cynthia Mae Pama, and Angel Mae Bahay were the accountants at Von’s the mall that Christian Von Geminiano owns. We went inside the pub named Muppets and had some coffee. While having our funny chats, we reminisced the good-old days wherein being a historian, an accountant, and a model were just a confusing dream†¦ a vague possibility. Just when we are about to part ways a lady appeared before us and introduced herself as Shirlyn! Indeed it was she†¦ Shirlyn Alvario the owner of Muppets restaurant. She informed us that Lucians are involved in the foundations of her restaurant with Bhenz Benig (now a food technologist) as her business partner. Joseph Perez and Rances Marticio were in charge of the place’s architectural design, Bernardino Rodelas for the engineering plans and construction, and the famous artists: Cedrick Caguing, Cyril Flora and John Paul Dogillo for the details and designs. Neither one of us wouldn’t want to end our girl talks and reminisces but then we knew that we have works to do so we exchange contact numbers and promised to meet soon. Back to work, I indulged myself with my project. Busy all day studying, preparing, preparing, studying. One day, three days before my five-member team went to Mindoro, I was informed that certain groups would like to join our trip and they all had their recommendations. Of course, I do not like them to go with us because our work might be exploited by their presence. But then, I couldn’t just discredit their requests so I immediately called my assistant to call their representatives to explain their intentions at exactly two p.m. today. After an hour, my secretary informed me that all the persons that we’ve been waiting to talk to are already inside the conference room and they are quite noisy. I immediately went inside my conference room and . . . it seems like I’m a high school student once more! The faces inside are all my high school classmates and friends. Indeed all of them, wow! Aarone Jhone Julian is now the managing president of the Apple Company in the Philippines; Jennelyn dela Cruz, Ma. Kathleen Adona, and Mark Anthony Borja are now the Division Supervisors of Pasig City; Kimberly Mae Chua, Stefany Cabantog, and Mharianne Yalega, are now head doctors of Lucia General Hospital; Francesca Ann Balmonte, is recognized as one of the bests photographers in country; and Sir Eljun Velga is now the Principal of Sta. Lucia High School. They explained to me that they wanted to join to help and contribute something for progress that has always been OUR dream. Right there and then, I agreed and we’ve planned the flow of our own respective missions consecrated towards the fulfillment of one goal. At home, I packed my things for our mission then watched the news anchored by Merleen Mercolita. News about Ramlou Demegillo’s outstanding performance in the International Dance Sport Competition; Nigel Paulino, Renmar Moses, Julius Caesar Brutas, and Marcelino Loza’s gold in the recent Olympic games; Jovy Ann Sta. Ana, manager of SNSD; Arjay Gervacio-Ventura, the new business tycoon; Ronnel Villamar tops the Bar Exams; and Shelly Ann Ruales’s proclamation as the Philippine Ambassadress to the USA.

Constitutional Law and European Integration

There are few cases that rival Factortame in being concurrently substantively clear and decisive, and perplexing as to its full impact. The scope of the change to the UK constitution that has been instigated by it and other European Court of Justice decisions has been conceptualised as ranging from a ‘legal evolution’ to ‘revolution’. Although some theories are more convincing than others, each faces its own weaknesses.However, notwithstanding the conclusion of this particular speculative debate, the processes of European integration has undoubtedly quickened the pace at which UK Parliament and courts as part of a globalised world have had to squarely confront these constitutional changes, especially the departure from Parliament’s stronghold over the constitution. A Diceyan view of the UK constitution is no longer compatible with the current relationship between UK and EU law.It was decided in Factortame and confirmed in Equal Opportunities Commissio n, that the implications of the European Communities Act 1972 s. 2(4) is that EU law has supremacy in the case of clashes between EU and national laws. Within the orthodox view that Parliament is absolutely sovereign, inconsistencies between Acts of Parliament are to be dealt with by applying the doctrine of explicit or implied repeal to give effect to the later Act which is simply another illustration of how no Parliament can bind its successors.It would never have been open to national courts to declare provisions within primary statute incompatible with EC law either temporarily or permanently as it is today. However, so long as UK remains a part of the EU, EU law will prevail when inconsistencies arise and any derogation from this position will have to be done expressly and unequivocally. Therefore, even if the current position of Parliamentary sovereignty cannot clearly be defined, Factortame and EOC alone emphasise the unworkability of a Diceyan view of Parliamentary sovereign ty in an European context.A radical but yet convincing argument that conceptualises the constitutional implications suggests that, EU law is able to place a substantive limit on Parliament’s law making authority on overlapping areas because being a member state has partially changed the rule of recognition of Parliamentary sovereignty. Although this necessitates presupposing Parliamentary sovereignty is a legal principle, not a purely political one, it seems justified because instead of accepting Parliament to be sovereign merely by its existence, it allows for a justification based on normative rguments. This is important considering that the UK is a modern democracy and intrinsically different to the state it was in when the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty was originally developed. Being a legal phenomenon, the scope of Parliamentary sovereignty evolves through the judgments of the court which provides a more balanced and legitimate decision than considering just a po litical aspect because the political realities are still considered but are weighted against other principles such as the rule of obedience to statutes.Furthermore, courts are gradually developing the idea that the authority of Parliament to make law is something that is subject to, and therefore controllable by constitutional law. For example, in the domestic case of Anisminic, the scope of Parliament’s authority to confer on public authorities powers which are not subject to judicial review was sharply limited. Thus, the effect of ECJ decisions on the constitution has been to develop it to a stage where Parliament is no longer sovereign at times when, and only when, inconsistencies between EU and national law occur within a field where both laws operate.On the other hand, Sir William Wade would argue that ‘constitutional revolution’ rather than a mere evolution has resulted. However, this argument is not only at odds with Lord Bridge’s judgement but lack s plausibility in itself. He explains that the courts have acted unconstitutionally and shifted their allegiance because Parliamentary sovereignty being a ‘rule of recognition’and a solely political norm, is a constitutional fixture which may only be ‘diminished’ as a matter of practical politics.There is a real difficulty in accepting this because it would suggest judicial whim may reverse a commitment that was reached democratic consensus among all branches of government and wider society through public referendum. This formidable weakness of Sir William Wade’s argument supports viewing Parliamentary sovereignty as, at least partly, a legal concept. Although the theory that it is possible for the EU to place substantive limits to Parliamentary sovereignty accommodates the ‘voluntary’ contractual argument and ‘functional requirement of EU’ arguments that Lord Bridge presents, it is not without limitations either.It fits wel l with Lord Bridge’s alternative reasonings because they suggest that Parliament does have the power to limit its own powers and that the present conflict should be tackled on principled bases. This is important because legal phenomenon arise out of case law and albeit sparse, his judgment was the only one to address the topic. However, the persuasiveness of this argument is reduced by the fact that it simply leads us to another equally difficult question of what legal means set the width of its powers.The judges themselves seem to be in disagreement amongst each other about this as Lord Hope says ‘measures enacted by Parliament’ itself whereas Laws LJ says the unwritten constitution as interpreted by the judges which seems legitimate but in practical terms, leaves everything just as uncertain. So far only the implications of ECJ case law has been discussed but there are other elements to European integration such as the doctrine of direct effect and the European Union Act 2011 which have affected the development of the UK constitution.These developments suggest that the â€Å"new view† is the most plausible representation of Parliamentary sovereignty today because referendum locks and the possibility for individuals to present a case in national courts on law derived from sources other than Parliament present limitations on Parliamentary sovereignty but not in the substantive sense discussed above. Proponents of the â€Å"new view† view that ultimate sovereignty remains with Parliament but it may have to conform to certain manner and form limitations.The appealing factor of this model is that it also accommodates for the limitations that Human Rights Act proposes on Parliamentary legal authority as well. Yet it is problematic in that the EU has explicitly stated in s2 of the ECA that on at least an EU level, Union law is regarded as supreme and this theory fails to encompass this dimension of the relationship between domestic and EU law. Most importantly, it accentuates how the increasingly multi-layered nature of the constitution must be taken into account in the broader debate.The holding of a point of absolute power faces pressure from outside as well as inside the nation. When the broader question of whether we should be edging away from political and towards a more legal constitution is considered in light of the multi-tiered constitutionalism arising from the Parliamentary Acts of 1911 & 1949, Human Rights Act, Devolution as well as EU membership, it would seem that to maintain a wholly political view of Parliamentary sovereignty in any context would be to deny reality.However, anything more exact requires us to assess what balance between adaptability and elasticity from maintaining a political constitution, and protected rights and principles from a legal constitution will provide the checks and balances necessary in dealing with the legal and political challenges of today. Due to declining publ ic reputation of Parliament and diminishing respect for political process generally, as well as the aim of Parliamentary sovereignty having originally been to secure the broadest possible basis for ensuring democracy and legitimacy, we may not have to be so uneasy about adopting a more legal constitution.The UK constitution must embrace the emphasis it has always placed on a dynamic experience and once again, like with the case of devolution, make a smooth transition before political repercussions manifest themselves. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. R v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame Ltd [1990] ECR I-2433 [ 2 ]. Paul Craig, ‘Britain in the European Union’ in The Changing Constitution (7th ed, 2011) pg120 [ 3 ]. HWR Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [1996] 112 LQR 568 [ 4 ].R v Secretary of State for Employment ex parte Equal Opp ortunities Commission [1995] 1 AC 1 [ 5 ]. HWR Wade, ‘The Basis of Legal Sovereignty’ [1955] CLJ 174 [ 6 ]. Paul Craig, pg121 [ 7 ]. 17th century –Glorious Revolution, Bill of Rights [ 8 ]. TRS Allan, ‘Parliamentary Sovereignty: Law, Politics, and Revolution’ [1997] 113 LQR 447 [ 9 ]. Mark Elliott and Robert Thomas, ‘Public Law’ (2011, Oxford) pg334 [ 10 ]. Anisminic v Foreign Compensation Commission [1969] 2 AC 147 [ 11 ]. Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [ 12 ]. HLA Hart, ‘The Concept of Law’ (1996, Claredon Press) [ 13 ].Wade, ‘Sovereignty- Revolution or Evolution? ’ [ 14 ]. UK European Communities membership referendum 1975 [ 15 ]. Lord Bridge in Factortame [ 16 ]. Paul Craig ‘Britain in the European Union’ in Jowell and Oliver (eds) TheChanging Constitution (7th edn, Oxford, 2007) pg 121 [ 17 ]. Jackson v Attorney-General [2005] UKHL 56 [ 18 ]. Thoburn v Sunderland Ci ty Council [2002] EWHC 195 [ 19 ]. Sir I. Jennings, The Law and the Constitution (1959) ch. 4 [ 20 ]. Jonathan Sumption ‘Judicial and Political Decision-making: The Uncertain Boundary’ [2011] Judicial Review 301

A Creative Essay about Love

A Creative Essay about Love There was a woman who was beautiful, who started with all the advantages, yet she had no luck. She married for love, and the love turned to dust. She had bonny children, yet she felt they had been thrust upon her, and she could not love them. They looked at her coldly, as if they were finding fault with her. And hurriedly she felt she must cover up some fault in herself. Yet what it was that she must cover up she never knew. Nevertheless, when her children were present, she always felt the centre of her heart go hard. This troubled her, and in her manner she was all the more gentle and anxious for her children, as if she loved them very much. Only she herself knew that at the centre of her heart was a hard little place that could not feel love, no, not for anybody. Everybody else said of her: She is such a good mother. She adores her children. Only she herself, and her children themselves, knew it was not so. They read it in each others eyes. There were a boy and two little girls. They lived in a pleasant house, with a garden, and they had discreet servants, and felt themselves superior to anyone in the neighbourhood. Although they lived in style, they felt always an anxiety in the house. There was never enough money. The mother had a small income, and the father had a small income, but not nearly enough for the social position which they had to keep up. The father went into town to some office. But though he had good prospects, these prospects never materialised. There was always the grinding sense of the shortage of money, though the style was always kept up. At last the mother said: I will see if I cant make something. But she did not know where to begin. She racked her brains, and tried this thing and the other, but could not find anything successful. The failure made deep lines come into her face. Her children were growing up, they would have to go to school. There must be more money, there must be more money. The father, who was always very handsome and expensive in his tastes, seemed as if he never would be able to do anything worth doing. And the mother, who had a great belief in herself, did not succeed any better, and her tastes were just as expensive. And so the house came to be haunted by the unspoken phrase: There must be more money! There must be more money! The children could hear it all the time though nobody said it aloud. They heard it at Christmas, when the expensive and splendid toys filled the nursery. Behind the shining modern rocking-horse, behind the smart dolls house, a voice would start whispering: There must be more money! There must be more money! And the children would stop playing, to listen for a moment. They would look into each others eyes, to see if they had all heard. And each one saw in the eyes of the other two that they too had heard. There must be more money! There must be more money! It came whispering from the springs of the still-swaying rocking-horse, and even the horse, bending his wooden, champing head, heard it. The big doll, sitting so pink and smirking in her new pram, could hear it quite plainly, and seemed to be smirking all the more self-consciously because of it. The foolish puppy, too, that took the place of the teddy-bear, he was looking so extraordinarily foolish for no other reason but that he heard the secret whisper all over the house: There must be more money! Yet nobody ever said it aloud. The whisper was everywhere, and therefore no one spoke it. Just as no one ever says: We are breathing! in spite of the fact that breath is coming and going all the time. Mother, said the boy Paul one day, why dont we keep a car of our own? Why do we always use uncles, or else a taxi? Because were the poor members of the family, said the mother. But why are we, mother? Well I suppose, she said slowly and bitterly, its because your father has no luck. The boy was silent for some time. Is luck money, mother? he asked, rather timidly. No, Paul. Not quite. Its what causes you to have money. Oh! said Paul vaguely. I thought when Uncle Oscar said filthy lucker, it meant money. Filthy lucre does mean money, said the mother. But its lucre, not luck. Oh! said the boy. Then what is luck, mother? Its what causes you to have money. If youre lucky you have money. Thats why its better to be born lucky than rich. If youre rich, you may lose your money. But if youre lucky, you will always get more money. Oh! Will you? And is father not lucky? Very unlucky, I should say, she said bitterly. The boy watched her with unsure eyes. Why? he asked. I dont know. Nobody ever knows why one person is lucky and another unlucky. Dont they? Nobody at all? Does nobody know? Perhaps God. But He never tells. He ought to, then. And arent you lucky either, mother? I cant be, it I married an unlucky husband. But by yourself, arent you? I used to think I was, before I married. Now I think I am very unlucky indeed. Why? Well never mind! Perhaps Im not really, she said. The child looked at her to see if she meant it. But he saw, by the lines of her mouth, that she was only trying to hide something from him. Well, anyhow, he said stoutly, Im a lucky person. Why? said his mother, with a sudden laugh. He stared at her. He didnt even know why he had said it. God told me, he asserted, brazening it out. I hope He did, dear!, she said, again with a laugh, but rather bitter. He did, mother! Excellent! said the mother, using one of her husbands exclamations. The boy saw she did not believe him; or rather, that she paid no attention to his assertion. This angered him somewhere, and made him want to compel her attention. He went off by himself, vaguely, in a childish way, seeking for the clue to luck. Absorbed, taking no heed of other people, he went about with a sort of stealth, seeking inwardly for luck. He wanted luck, he wanted it, he wanted it. When the two girls were playing dolls in the nursery, he would sit on his big rocking-horse, charging madly into space, with a frenzy that made the little girls peer at him uneasily. Wildly the horse careered, the waving dark hair of the boy tossed, his eyes had a strange glare in them. The little girls dared not speak to him. When he had ridden to the end of his mad little journey, he climbed down and stood in front of his rocking-horse, staring fixedly into its lowered face. Its red mouth was slightly open, its big eye was wide and glassy-bright. Now! he would silently command the snorting steed. Now take me to where there is luck! Now take me! And he would slash the horse on the neck with the little whip he had asked Uncle Oscar for. He knew the horse could take him to where there was luck, if only he forced it. So he would mount again and start on his furious ride, hoping at last to get there. Youll break your horse, Paul! said the nurse. Hes always riding like that! I wish hed leave off! said his elder sister Joan. But he only glared down on them in silence. Nurse gave him up. She could make nothing of him. Anyhow, he was growing beyond her.

Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poem - Essay Example It is a plausible assertion to make that the â€Å"voice† in the poem is that of William Stafford who is presenting a realistic account to the reader. Of much significance is the tone of the poem and how Stafford chooses to address his audience. What may appear as the poet’s indifference towards the dead deer is soon transformed into sympathy as he touches the animal’s belly and feels the warmth of the life that is growing inside of her. The seemingly compassionate nature of this action, however, is short lived as the progress towards the fourth stanza of the poem brings into light the inner conflicts of the speaker. "It is usually best to roll them into the canyon: that road is narrow; to swerve might make more dead† (Stafford 11): the speaker had initially thought upon encountering the deer that her carcass must be removed from the path of traffic, but he soon drifted into his thoughts before the action could materialize. In this moment in the poem the to ne shifts to a display of sympathy, however, the poet’s removal of the deer as he had aimed to do is a representation of the ironic tone of the poem which reappears in the forefront towards the departure of the blank verse. The symbolism of the word â€Å"Dark† is a notion which is central to the literary work. Even though, the literal meaning of the term is obvious from the title itself the figurative meaning of the word holds the immense significance due to its multidimensional interpretations. Stafford’s use of the word â€Å"Dark† represents shock, confusion, destruction, threat, struggle, death, destiny, and even failure; humanity’s failure to synchronize and harmonize what it invented and what God created. Like the dead deer lying on the edge of Wilson River road, death is the fate of every living creature, and this is a fact that cannot be denied. Therefore, the darkness in the literary work is also the darkness of death. The beauty of the i magery used by Stafford in the poem is that the poet allows it to be open for interpretation rather than being unequivocally clear about its purpose and intention in the context of the literary work. An intriguing line with respect to this observation says, â€Å"I stood in the glare of the warm exhaust turning red† (Stafford 11), where the reader is provided with the liberty to imagine the poet standing against his car with red light on his face. Certainly, this image can be interpreted in numerous ways, primarily because the connotations associated with this depiction can be comprehended as a plethora of emotions. If the red light is believed to be indicating danger then what or who is in danger? Is it the incoming cars that might meet with an accident if the poet decides that the animal carcass should not be removed? Or is it humanity itself which is in jeopardy as it refuses to mend its ways and revere nature as it is meant to be revered? Furthermore, the imagery of the à ¢â‚¬Å"warm exhaust turning red† can also be associated with the emotions being felt by the speaker himself; these emotions that range from confusion, aggression to even embarrassment represent the challenges and complexity of the situation. Furthermore, Stafford’s use of imagery in the literary w

Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law and Ethics - Essay Example It is pertinent to note here that teachers are employed under a written contract and onus comes on board to prove that teacher has misbehaved or violated any condition of employment. The Fair Dismissal Act enlists eight causes under which dismissal of the teacher can be acted upon and the board must ensure that charges framed against the teacher fit into one of the eight grounds outlined in the act for a successful termination. The superintendent must forward a written notice to the teacher about their intention of dismissal along with a copy of the said Act. The employee must be provided with all information pertaining to their rights to assure him or her that proper procedure is being followed upon. The superintendent will also attach copies of OCGA 20-2-940 through 20-2-947, and 20-2-211(b) along with the notice. The teacher has full right to ask for the reasons of dismissal and the superintendent is obligated to reply within 14 days of this request. If the superintendent fails to reply within stipulated time period, the teacher’s contract will get renewed automatically. The superintendent needs to ensure that Professional Development Plan is in place. A detailed documentation process against the teacher is a must before taking any concrete action. The principal will need to present all papers that include a complaint from the teachers departmental chair exposing teachers behavior. The principal will also need to present those papers from the teachers file that reveals that required attempts have been made to correct the teachers behavior. The principal will establish that the teacher has been placed on a Professional Development Plan before asking for his or her dismissal. It becomes imperative on part of the principal that all necessary papers and documentation are provided to the board beforehand otherwise termination request cannot go through. 5. What is the difference between an â€Å"at will† employee

Gender and Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender and Identity - Essay Example It has been observed that gender identity critics' focal point is reflecting the others who are the contributors; whereas, to understand gender identity, it is imperative to look at all the social and biological aspects. Moreover, gender identity may be influenced by a number of social structures, including the person's ethnic group, employment status, religion or irreligion, and family etc. Research on masculinity and femininity has a long, complex, and controversial history. This may be due in part to the questions addressed. Often researchers ask questions whether masculinity and femininity really exist, and if it does, how are they best defined and measured The argument carried forward in this paper is the question of what molds and determines a person's degree of masculinity and femininity, whether biological factors or social factors Because the roles of men and women have been the subject of passionate debate in recent years, it's no wonder that research on masculinity and femininity has become embroiled in the debate. If masculinity and femininity are real traits, perhaps even genetically determined to a significant extent, then gender would seem to be partly inflicted into our personalities. On the other hand, if masculinity and femininity are social constructions, learned patterns of behavior that are culturally and historically variable, then existing gender roles may be compliant and subject to liberating alternatives. Related Literature The formation of a gender identity is an intricate process that begins with conception, but later on it involves critical growth processes during development and even learning experiences after birth. There are points of differentiation all along the way, but language and tradition in most societies insist that every individual be categorized as either a man or a woman. When diversity is subjectively reduced to absolute beliefs, conflicts are sure to result. (Wikipedia, 2006) Once children develop a stable gender identity and stable gender categories for others (All people come in two varieties, either male or female), they begin to identify with and prefer others of their own gender (e.g., "I am a girl; I like other girls, and girls are good"). Although young children are aware of gender as a social category, they do not think about gender as adults do. For instance, toddlers do not always realize that gender is defined most fundamentally by genital differences. Instead, they may define gender by its surface features, such as clothing, hair length, and kinds of play. By age 6 or 7, most children realize that sex and gender are constant (i.e., you can't readily change them) and linked to male and female genital differences. According to Kohlberg's theory, children older than age 7 nonetheless continue to develop their gender concepts. For example, they learn gender stereotypes (e.g., "Women are nicer and gentler than men," "Men are more violent than women "), and they learn that some cultural symbols (e.g., butterflies and flowers) are more associated with girls, whereas others (e.g., worms and frogs) are more associated with boys. (Kohlberg, 1966) A question arises at this point, should research on gender differences promote inequality between the genders Not necessarily. Even if there are actual differences between men and women, this does not need to imply that one gender is better than the other. Psychologist Diane Halpern notes that although no one would deny that female

Workplace, Health and Safety Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Workplace, Health and Safety - Coursework Example Act 1974. The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act demarcates the level of responsibilities and liabilities of people involved in enforcing health and safety regulations in workplaces. Section 2 of the said Act makes it clear that it is the employer’s duty to look after the safety and health concerns of the employees. The machinery and equipment being used for work must be well maintained and dangerous substances should not be used or should be used appropriately. The employer has to educate, inform and train the employees to deal with risks that they face on a daily basis. The particular health and safety policy of a workplace must be documented by the employer and should be provided to the employees. The trade union of the employees has the right to nominate its own safety representatives. The employer must under all conditions consult the safety representatives of the trade union before formulating and enforcing health and safety policies. Employers as well as self employed i ndividuals are also required to ensure the health and safety of non employees who work or visit the site as per Section 3. The non employee status individuals must be informed, educated and if required trained to deal with various risks on site. In case that dangers are present on a work site that the lay man cannot understand, the access to the site is limited as per Section 4. Again the site owner or the management of the premises have a duty to ensure the health and safety of the individuals accessing the site for any purpose. In order to guarantee the health and safety of all and sundry the Act provides to limit emissions as per Section 5. Other than this, any tools, equipment or substances being used on site must be made safe before use as per Section 6. If it is not possible to make these objects safe then it is the employer’s responsibility to inform, educate and train the people using these articles. These individuals could be employees as well as non employees. The m anufacturer of these articles must also ensure that the risks posed by these items is reduced to whatever extent possible. The employee also has certain duties to ensure the health and safety at the workplace under Section 7. The employee must conform to all instructions provided by the employer in order to ensure his own safety and the safety of other people around him. In addition any instructions issued by a statutory body applicable to health and safety must also be accounted for. Obstruction or impeding the duties outlined in sections 2 to 7 of the subject Act leaves one susceptible to prosecution under law as a criminal as per Section 33. When the Act was enforced in the mid seventies, it created two bodies namely the Health and Safety Commission as well as the Health and Safety Executive. These bodies were coalesced in 2008 and are now known as the Health and Safety Executive. This new body has the responsibility to enforce the Act. 2) Using words and necessary diagrams and r eferring to: a) negligence b) employers’ liability c) occupiers liability d) breach of statutory duty explain the basis of the English system of fault-based civil liability for accidents at work. The English common law system provides that negligence arises from carelessness and not from an intentional act. Negligence may be prosecuted under law or it may be forgiven depending on the circumstances and on relevant case law. Typically in the case of health and safety regulations any violations in Sections 2 to 8 of the Act are treated as punishable offences whether intended or based on negligence. The duties of employers and occupiers are nearly the same except for informing, educating and training the people employed by them whether directly or indirectly. In case that

Marketing Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Marketing Strategy - Assignment Example The paper also have a critical evaluation of the Apple’s competitive edge and demonstrate how effectiveness using its competitive performance evaluation. Lastly, the paper set a marketing objective for the organization to maximize the brand awareness, growth in sales profitability/volume and increase market share. Apple Inc is a global company that gets based in America and its headquarters, Apple California, gets located in California, United States. Apple got established in 1976 by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs and got incorporated in January 1977. Apple designs and sells customers electronics, computer software, and personal computers. The Macintosh personal computer range, iPhone, iPod, and the iPad are some of the best-known products of Apple (Steven, 2002). Some of the software products that get sold by Apple comprise Final Cut Studio that is a video and music production suite, Aperture that is Professional photography software. In addition, Mac Os X operating system, iTunes media browser and Logic Studio that is a music production suite. By May 2012, the company indicated that it has over 300 stores that are located in over ten countries adding the online store. Banton (2011) describes the company as been one of the largest technological firms globally as far as world/s traded companies by market capitalization gets concerned. According to Banton (2011) some of the analysts have even proposed that the Apple Inc. Company has more cash compared to the United States government. Apple (2012) stated that it had over 60, 000 employees that get employed on a permanent basis along with 2800 temporally employees in the world. Regardless of the company success, it has received great critics in the way it treats its contractors and the impacts of the operations of the company in the environment. Among the heavy critics that Apple has received recently is that of Apple supplying workers in China leaving in unhealthy

Managing international Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing international Business - Essay Example Understanding consumer behavior, the right marketing mix, managing cultural diversity, sourcing and investment decisions have to be considered as well. While new technologies and liberalizations have helped big companies to increase their efficiency and reach, these very forces pose a challenge from the smaller firms. The smaller firms are a threat to the big corporations as they too capture the market and are in the race for the same products and services. This report highlights the issues that arise in managing international business. Improvements in transport and telecommunications sector have reduced the impact of distance allowing firms to enter foreign markets. At the same time, new technologies and deregulation of capital markets allow small firms to compete with multinational corporations. As competition increases, the interest of share holders and the customers become important in corporate decision-making. This new form of corporate governance has to be accepted otherwise they run the risk of losing finance and customers to competitors (Savitsky & Burky, 2004). Governments must support this transition to a more accountable, transparent, and efficient form of corporate governance within their economies. Economies of all shapes and sizes – including China, Germany, France and the Asian Tigers – are confronting this challenge. The clash of traditional business practices is most acute in Japan, resulting in opening up of the economy to mergers and acquisitions, including those by foreign investo rs. Recent studies indicate that it is now the microeconomic factors like management of the firm which determine success rather than the macroeconomic reasons. This is because of the increasing role of international trade, improved managerial techniques, and supply chain management. When firms adopt the strategy of mergers and acquisitions in developing countries, they face resistance. Acquisition of existing facilities is accompanied by payroll cuts.

Biases and Judgment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biases and Judgment - Essay Example Several biases impact decisions, such as bias, or ethical issues related to the availability heuristic and bias related to the representative heuristic. Bias related to the availability heuristic pertains to being biased for information that is easier to recall and presumed as related (Korte, 2003, p.447). Bias related to the representative heuristic refers to evaluating situations using traits that represent stereotyped beliefs and values (Korte, 2003, p.447). The first judgment bias that I dealt with is related to anchoring and adjustment. Anchoring refers to focusing too much on an â€Å"anchor† or specific value in making decisions (Korte, 2003, p.447). Adjustment of decision-making occurs, when the decision becomes solely or greatly based on this anchor, instead of a wide range of factors (Korte, 2003, p.447). In order to deal with this bias, I used reflective decision-making, with expedient factors. Reflective decision-making pertains to having a long-term approach to decision-making, while expedience requires making fast decisions, often to achieve short-term goals (Hoch & Kunreuther, 2001, p.106). I needed to use reflective thinking, because I wanted to determine the potential anchors that I tend to use during making decisions. For instance, identifying the criteria for establishing an effective and efficient human resource department requires selecting the right factors and weighing them appropriately. I avoided anchoring a nd adjustment by considering different aspects of the problem, such as employee sentiments, resources, and situational factors. The organizations needs a more concrete HR system, but they cannot afford a whole-unit approach to HR. Some people would also not be open to professionalizing their HR systems, because of fear for drastic organizational changes that will upset the status quo. Instead,

Inspirational Stories Essay Example for Free

Inspirational Stories Essay Once upon a time, there was a king who ruled a prosperous country. One day, he went for a trip to some distant areas of his country. When he was back to his palace, he complained that his feet were very painful, because it was the first time that he went for such a long trip, and the road that he went through was very rough and stony. He then ordered his people to cover every road of the entire country with leather. Definitely, this would need thousands of cows’ skin, and would cost a huge amount of money. Then one of his wise servants dared himself to tell the king, â€Å"Why do you have to spend that unnecessary amount of money? Why don’t you just cut a little piece of leather to cover your feet? † The king was surprised, but he later agreed to his suggestion, to make a â€Å"shoe† for himself. There is actually a valuable lesson of life in this story: to make this world a happy place to live, you better change yourself your heart; and not the world. Once there was a king who told some of his workers to dig a pond.  Once the pond was dug, the king made an announcement to his people saying that one person from each household has to bring a glass of milk during the night and pour it into the pond. So, the pond should be full of milk by the morning. After receiving the order, everyone went home. One man prepared to take the milk during the night. He thought that since everyone will bring milk, he could just hide a glass of water and pour inside the pond. Because it will be dark at night, no one will notice. So he quickly went and poured the water in the pond and came back. In the morning, the king came to visit the pond and to his surprise the pond was only filled with water! What has happened is that everyone was thinking like the other man that â€Å"I dont have to put the milk, someone else will do it. † Dear friends, when it comes to help the Religion of Allah, do not think that others will take care of it. Rather, it starts from you, if you don’t do it, no one else will do it. So, change yourself to the way of Allah to serve Him and that will make the difference.

Showing cardiovascular and ventilatory responses at rest and during exercise Essay Example for Free

Showing cardiovascular and ventilatory responses at rest and during exercise Essay Abstract Objective: The objective of this experiment is to analyse how the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters are affected by steady state exercise. Method: The experiment was split into two stages, rest and exercise. A spirometer, an ECG, a Douglas bag and a blood pressure monitor were used at rest on the subject. In the exercise phase a Douglas bag and the blood pressure monitor were used to measure the subject’s volume of air and blood pressure respectively. Results: A positive correlation was calculated for the heart rate, total volume, oxygen consumption, CO2 production, pCO2, and % of CO2, minute volume, ventilation rate, mean arterial pressure and the number of breaths when the subject was exercising. The pO2, the %O2 and the respiratory quotient showed a negative correlation in the exercise phase. There was no significant change in the diastolic pressure in the exercise phase. The change in tidal volume, the systolic pressure and the pulse pressure during the exercise phase showed to vary against theoretical values and would require further studies to explain these readings. Conclusion: In conclusion many of the parameters that were calculated supported previous experiments; however the tidal volume, the systolic, diastolic and the pulse pressure were not conclusive enough to observe any significant trend. Introduction The human body is a complex machine with many mysteries yet to discover. When the human genome project finished we had learnt much about our DNA and how complex the structure is. We had just scratched the service of our true potential. Our DNA plays a major role in whether we have a good or poor cardiovascular system. This is also the same for our respiratory system. Environmental factors also contribute to how effective our cardiovascular and respiratory system can be. Every so often people from different ethnic backgrounds complete against each other in events such as the Olympics and World athletic championship. Studies have shown that when exercise begins there is a rise in the cardiac output that is a consequence of an increase in the stroke volume and heart rate due to the increase in blood circulation, there is a redistribution of the blood to the working muscle by vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the arterioles (coote, 1995). With this the body adapts to changes during steady state exercise to optimise the performance and to prevent any injuries than can occur. Steady state exercise is when the body is performing at a moderate level of exercise producing a balance between production of lactic acid and the removal of lactic acid through oxidation (Thompson, 2008) Exercising on a daily basis results in an individual maintaining a healthy and balance lifestyle. A study in North America showed a group of elderly individuals between the ages of 55 to 70 performed aerobic exercises for four months. The results showed that the experimental group improved their maximal oxygen consumption by 27% (Steinhaus, 1983). This study shows that even at senior age, exercises improves the resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure at rest, sleep habits, well being, hemodynamic and overall lifestyle changes. This study also included anaerobic exercises which too showed an improvement of the individual’s health. On some occasions the production of lactic acid exceeds the removal of lactic acid. This usually occurs when the VO2max is between 55% and 65% in healthy and untrained athlete, however in highly trained endurance athletes this value can reach at 80% (McArdle, Katch Katch, 2006). This is known as the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), which refers to the level of lactate in the blood reaching around 4mM. L-1. Exercise physiologist traditionally used VO2max as the main benchmark to measure endurance exercise. This however does not fully explain all aspect of the athlete’s ability to do well in a race. An experienced long distance athlete commonly trains slightly above the point of OBLA (McArdle et al. , 2006). Currently measuring exercise intensity by the OBLA has been a more effective and accurate way in indicating the individual’s level of fitness (McArdle et al. , 2006) The causes for OBLA have not been conclusively proven; as many believe it represent the point of muscle hypoxia which is when there is an inadequate supply of oxygen that is being sent to the muscles (McArdle et al. , 2006, p 320). However the muscle lactate accumulation does not necessarily coincides with hypoxia, because the lactate in the blood can be formed even when there is a sufficient supply of oxygen. Nevertheless the imbalance between the production and elimination of lactate in the blood can cause OBLA (McArdle et al. , 2006). In this experiment the aims were to use different equipment to measure a range of cardiovascular and respiratory parameters and to investigate the ways in how the body of a healthy young individual responds to the changes when undertaking aerobic exercise at a stead state level at different intensities. The cardiovascular parameters were the heart rate, mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and the subject cardiac rhythm using an electrocardiogram. The respiratory parameters were the tidal volume, vital capacity, oxygen and CO2 percentage, the number of breath in each minute, ventilation rate, oxygen consumption, CO2 production, the respiratory quotient and to analyse how the aerobic response changes at different intensities. Material and method This experiment was performed by using the guideline set in the University of Hertfordshire ‘Level 1 Human Physiology Practical Booklet’ code number 1LFS003. The following changes were made and these amendments were about the level of resistance. At level two the exercise power was changed from 80W to 75W and the same went for level three from 110W to 100W. And instead of using only two levels that were indicated in the practical booklet at page 20, a third level was initiated which had a workload of 75W. When using the spirometry, instead of using a counter-balance gas holder with a writing pen attached to the counterweight, all spirometry parameters were recorded using the computer and the subject just has to inspire and expire through a tube that is connected to the computer. Results The subject’s BMI was calculated using his height and weight measured before the start of the experiment. The total practical time was three hours in which the first hour was used to measure the control variables and ECG. The remaining two hours were used to test the different physical levels and write down the data. The %O2 was measured in the Douglas bag decreased as the intensity of the exercise increased; while the %CO2 was increasing resulting in the pCO2 and the pO2 to increase and decrease respectively. Both the O2 consumption and the CO2 production increased with each level; however the rate of CO2 production was greater than the rate of O2 consumption causing the respiratory quotient to be higher than one. The number of breaths where increasing as the intensity of the exercise increased, but the value for the control was higher than each level. This caused the total volume of air in the Douglas bag to increase but the total volume of the control was higher than level one but not for level two or three. As the volume of air increased so did the ventilation rate and the minute volume. However the tidal volume did not have a linear pattern. Between the control and level one there was a sharp increase in the tidal volume, but during level two and three the tidal volume started to decrease. Figure 1 shows the CO2 production and the O2 consumption at the different exercise intensity. There was a large increase in the subject’s heart rate from the control to level one and from level one to level two, but from level two to level three the heart rate started the plateau. Figure 2 show how each exercise power affected the heart rate of the subject. The systolic pressure increased dramatically from the control to level one. But there was a decrease in the systolic blood pressure from level one to level two and eventually a rise in the systolic blood pressure from level two to level three. The diastolic pressure decreased from the control to level one and from level one to level two the diastolic blood pressure increased. At level two to level three the diastolic pressure decreased. Both the diastolic blood pressure at level one and three was lower than the control value, which caused the pulse pressure to be similar during level one and three but the pulse pressure during level two was very different. With the changes of the blood pressure that occurred during each level the mean arterial pressure increased gradually from the control to level three. Figure 3 shows how the blood pressures were affected by the change in the exercise intensity Before the exercise we tested the subject’s lung function by using a spirometer. Figure 4 shows the respiratory parameters of the spirograph. The ratio of the force vital capacity (FVC) and the force vital capacity expired in one second (FEV1. 0) was above the normal value of 85% (McArdle et al. , 2006, p 298). An electrocardiogram was also carried out to determine the subject’s heart rate and to analyse each wave of a single cardiac cycle. Figure 5 shows the ECG of the subject showing the different waves in a single cardiac cycle. The T wave represents the repolarisation of the ventricles, the P wave represents the depolarisation of the atria, the QRS complex is the depolarisation of both ventricles, as the ventricles is larger in size than the atria; the QRS complex has a larger peak and trough. The RR interval is the time taken for the R wave to appear again on the ECG (Fox, 2011). The ECG shows that the subject has a normal heart rate subjected to his age. Discussion Our major findings is that there is a decreasing trend in pO2, %O2, the respiratory quotient, and the diastolic blood pressure while there is an increasing trend in pCO2, %CO2, heart rate, systolic and mean arterial pressure, all respiratory parameters except for the O2 levels. As the exercise power increased the %O2 and the pO2 decreased which causes the working muscles to require more oxygen to keep up with the demands of the aerobic intensity. However the level of expired CO ­2 that is collected in the Douglas bag increased as the intensity increased. This is due to the increase production of CO2 in the working muscles during respiration. In all, the level of oxygen consumed and CO2 produced caused the respiratory quotient to be slightly above one. The respiratory quotient is the ratio between the total amounts of CO2 that is being produced to the amount of oxygen needed (McArdle et al. , 2006, p 240). During the exercise phase, the subject was catabolising the carbohydrates that he consumed prior to the experiment. As the values are very close to one, all the calories were derived from the carbohydrates that the subject consumed (McArdle et al. , 2006) The subject’s tidal volume increased from the control to level 1 where there was a peak at level one. The increase in the tidal volume from the control to level one was when the ‘demand for energy increases, the tidal volume increases by expanding into both the inspiratory reserve and the expiratory reserve’ (Smith Plowman, 2008). However during level two and three the tidal volume started to decrease. This cannot be explained as sources say that exercising actually increases the tidal volume (Garrett Kirkendall, 2000) and so further investigation is needed to be performed at different exercise power. The spirometer was used to measure the subject’s lung function and this instrument would have indicated if there are any obstructions present in the airways. By using the ratio between the FVC and FEV1. 0, the subject can be identified in having any lung obstruction or none at all (McArdle et al. , 2006). The spirometer produced an accurate value of the tidal volume at rest, while using the Douglas bag breathing forcefully can overinflate the bag which can produce an overestimation of the tidal volume. Also determining the number of breaths was difficult as the non returning breathing valve was moving very quickly to accurately count it. The parameters that were measured were the total lung capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, vital capacity, functional residual capacity and tidal volume. The value of the subject’s tidal volume using the spirometer was 1. 5L. This value exceeds the average value of 500ml which has been given in many different studies of a young adult male (Normal breathing, 2010). This shows that the subject has a large lung capacity, indicating that the subject has maintained a good level of fitness. During exercise the heart rate increased due to the CO2 levels stimulating the chemoreceptors in the aortic arch which overall results in an individual inspiring more O ­Ã‚ ­2 and expiring CO2 quickly (McArdle et al. , 2006). With an increase in the heart rate the systolic pressure of the blood vessels also increased. Systolic pressure is the pressure in the aorta when the ventricles are contracting’ (McArdle et al. , 2006, p334), and due to the heart rate increasing at each level the systolic pressure correlates to the change in the heart rate. The diastolic pressure is the filling of blood to the arteries when the muscles are contracting. The trend, with the value at level two ignored, see that as the exercise power increases the diastolic pressure decreases. This is because the blood vessels dilate which in turn reduced the diastolic pressure (R. Noah, personal communication, June 7, 2000). The mean arterial pressure is the average blood pressure of an individual during a cardiac cycle. The value of the mean arterial pressure increased gradually when the exercise intensity increased because of the systolic pressure increasing at a greater rate than the diastolic pressure, which deceased relatively slow. The ECG and the blood pressure monitor were used to measure the subject’s heart rate and blood pressure respectively. Both ECG and the blood pressure monitor measured the heart rate as similar values when the subject was not exercising. While the blood pressure monitor only measures the heart rate, the ECG is used to detect if the patient’s heart is beating normally. The results from the ECG indicate the subject’s heart is beating at a normal rate and rhythm. However during the practical the value of the blood pressure during level 2 did not match with the other levels and the control. The systolic pressure was lower than the systolic pressure of the control. This is due to an error that was occurring with the machine when the subject’s blood pressure was being measured and the fact that the subject was perspiring which caused the machine to slip, making it difficult to acquire an appropriate reading. With the error present at level two the value for the mean arterial pressure was also an anomaly. To make sure how results were reliable a second reading for each level was planned however, there was a time constraint which prevented the use of calculating an average. During the beginning of the practical, the subject found it difficult to maintain the speed of 50 rpm which was prescribed in the practical booklet, which could have made the value inaccurate. Some other areas where this experiment can go further is the difference in the respiratory and cardiovascular parameters between different gender groups. They have been a few studies with regards to male and female such Leddy, Horvath, Rowland ; Pendergest (1997) which mentions the effects of a high or low fat diet on the cardiovascular factor between female and male runners. Another factor to consider is the use of age and how that affects the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. Introducing subjects who have illnesses such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other cardiovascular co-morbidities would show how the heart is working when it is damaged. The one problem is that the subjects would need careful monitoring by healthcare professional. As this experiment was focussing on the aerobic exercise, an anaerobic experiment can be implemented with subjects that are trained athletes and untrained athletes to see the difference in their cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. You could also include male and female subjects with the similar athletic background to perform some anaerobic experiments to see if there are any significant differences between the two. You could also introduce different ethnic groups and see if there is any significant difference in the results. Reference Coote, J. H. (1995): Cardiovascular responses to exercise: central and reflex contributions in JORDAN, D. , and MARSHALL, J. (Eds): Cardiovascular regulation (Portland, London, 1995), Garrett, W. E. , ; Kirkendall, D. T. (2000). Exercise and sport science. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams ; Wilkins Leddy, J Horvath, P. , Rowland, J. ; Pendergast D. (1997) Effect of a high or a low fat diet on cardiovascular risk factors in male and female runners. . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(1), 17-25 Normal breathing (2010) Amazing DIY breathing device. [online] Available at: http://www. normalbreathing. com/nb-word/DIY-device-short-2010. pdf [Accessed: 5 Jan 2013]. McArdle, W. D. , Katch, F. I. , Katch, V. L. (2006). Essential of Exercise Physiology. (3rd ed. ). Santa Barbara: Fitness Technology, Inc. McArdle, W. D. , Katch, F. I. , ; Katch, V. L. (2001). Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition, and human performance. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams ; Wilkins. Smith, D. L. ; Plowman, S. A. (2008) Exercise physiology for Health, Fitness and Performance. (2nd ed . ). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams ; Wilkins. Steinhaus, L. A. (1983). Cardiovascular Response to Exercise Training in the Elderly. Unpublished thesis, University of Utah, Utah Thompson, G. , James, N. W. ; James, R. (2008). OCR PE for AS. Oxon: Bookpoint Ltd. Raizwan. N. (June 7, 2000). Blood pressure. Message posted on MadSci Network, archived at http://www. madsci. org/posts/archives/jun2000/960410763. Me. r. html. Appendix All the results that were made were placed into a table with each level indicated and the control as well. The table below shows the respiratory and cardiovascular parameters of the subject during rest and exercise. Table shows the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters of the subject at each level and the baseline of the O2  ­and the CO2 in the classroom. To calculate the mean arterial pressure you: As the mean arterial pressure indicates the average blood pressure of a human, the diastolic phase is longer than the systolic phase, hence the reason to multiply the diastolic pressure by two. By using the values of the blood pressure the mean arterial pressure can be calculated: The ventilation rate is the rate at which the air move into the lungs and out of the lungs. This can easily be calculated by the following equation: This is the value at the control level: When calculated the ventialtion rate it is more effective to calculate the mintue ventilation instead as this corresponds to the amount of air that enters and leaves the lung in one minute. This is also a pretty sraight forwards equation: The minute volmume is used to indicate a quantitive value to the minute ventilation as the minute volume is about the amount of air inspired and expired in one minute. The minute volume is the product of the tidal volume and the minute ventilation as shown in this equation: The partial pressure of the two gases, oxygen and CO2 are used to measuere the amount of oxygen and CO2 that are being expired by the body. The equations for the two gases are shown below: The oxygen consumption is the amount of oxygen that the person inspires and transported to the cells by haemoglobin. This is to measure the efficiency of the subject; how much oxygen is that person actually using? The equation is: The CO2 production is the amount of CO2 that is expired from the lungs by the process of gases exchange between oxygen and CO2. Through the process of respiration, the cells produce CO2 as a waste product, and with the help of diffusion, the pCO2 in the cells is higher than in the blood stream so diffusion takes place. The equation is: The respiratory quotient is used to measure what type of fuel the individual is consuming (McArdle et al. , 2006) and the equation is shown below. The peak expiratory flow is used to determine how fast the person is able to expire and is used to test the function of the lungs and to see if there are any obstructions are present. The equation and example are: The equation for the FEV1: FVC and example that was used during the experiment: To calculate the BMI: The value of the subject’s BMI was:

Protecting the Polar Regions From Melting Ice

Protecting the Polar Regions From Melting Ice Should We Protect Environment from Climate Change in The Polar Regions? Kiwoong Lee Thesis Statement: We should protect environment from melting ice in the Polar Regions because if the glaciers of Polar Regions keep melting, we will lose the earth’s ecosystems. These days, reckless destruction of nature by human being has brought ecological catastrophe. For this reason, the Earth has gotten many problems such as destruction of the environment. Melting ice in the Polar Regions is the most important among other problem. Many people are not particularly concerned about melting ice in the Polar Regions because it is too huge. A lot of people out of apathy increase the problem that present the Polar Regions condition. Causes of melting ice in the Polar Regions are destruction of the environment. Thus there are several phenomena like greenhouse and increase carbon dioxide. This situation bring bad thing that increase the temperature, rapid sea-level rise and destroy wildlife habitats. We should protect environment from melting ice in the Polar Regions. Glacier is that polar and alpine regions of the compressed stack of them are a long time ago to move lower by gravity and weight. Ice shelf ice is made up by large chunks of ice. 10persentage of the entire area of ice in Antarctica are labeled as ice shelves. The present Arctic condition is not good because of climate change. â€Å"The Arctic is one of the places where conditions are changing the fastest of any climate system in the world,† says Edward Blanchard-Wriggles worth, a UW doctoral student in atmospheric sciences. â€Å"Current trends are so strong that it takes five years to establish a new mean† (Science Teacher 16). The Arctic is melting so many animal lose their habitation because the Arctic is made up enormous masses of ice. Thus many Polar animals can move possible. However according to NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), North Pole glaciers are melting down very quickly. They are losing their resting area so several kinds of animals is die from a drowning accident. And global warming is also contributing to the rise in sea levels by melting the glaciers of Polar Regions, and inhabitants of coastal area are losing their homes. Some scientists predict the area could be largely ice free in sum mer within years. In response, the Antarctica is not different from the Arctic. The Antarctica is more serious than the Arctic because Antarctica is a continent of land, surrounded by seas. â€Å"Melting at the base of Antarctica’s fimbul ice shelf is driven by warm surface water, as well as intermittent pulses of warmer, deeper water ( Brown 143). Why is melting the natural and anthropogenic factors are factors. The Earth’s axis of rotation is about 20.5 degrees, this is now always constant, but gradually changes to that. Earth’s orbit is an ellipse rather than a circle, do not schedule too. In other words, changing the amount of incoming solar energy the Earth’s temperature may increase did not. Anthropogenic factors are global warming. Of course not cause global warming, environment al issues, but it is not melting because of environment pollution. Melting of glacier is caused by factors that did environmental problem. Global warming emissions from human sources of gree nhouse gas such as water vapor, carbon solar rise in global temperatures is as a result. â€Å"The research involves the Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers on the West Antarctic ice sheet, two of the five largest glaciers in Antarctica. Those two glaciers are important because they drain a large portion of the ice sheet. As they melt from below, they also gain speed, draining the ice sheet faster and contributing to sea level rise. Eventually that could lead to global sea level rise of as much as 6 feet, though that would take hundreds to thousands of years† (Vince Stricherz). It is serious situation because melting of Antarctica is getting faster and faster. Now the Antarctica area is remaining 40persentage of the previous area. Global warming is the biggest cause of melting ice in the Polar Regions. It is kinds of environment pollution. Thus what is the global warming? It means that Earth’s average temperature is about 15degree in the ground to maintain controlled from solar radiation energy. Over the past 20 years, there were 0.5degree a rise in temperature but the mid-21st century predicts 1degree a rise in temperature. This is called global warming. The global warming generates to increase carbon dioxide. Increased carbon dioxide not only warms the climate but it also dissolves in sea water making it more acidic. The global warming has been made, as increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb radiant energy released to outer space. This is the greenhouse of short-wavelength, which come from outside as the greenhouse effect is long wavelength of light reflection off from the surface, but passage is by absorbing the light of the internal temperature. Carbon dioxide can be called as a main ca use of the greenhouse gases, but Chloro Fluoro carbons, nitrogen oxides, and methane gas are also other causes of them. Due to destruction of the Antarctic ozone, global warming continues to accelerate, so that the glaciers are being melted at the high speed. Because ozone is the thing made by sunlight, the ozone density over the South or North Pole is lower than other latitudes, especially circulation of atmosphere in the winter stratosphere of the southern hemisphere makes a circle around the South Pole. This circulation of atmosphere prevents the middle stratosphere’s air containing lots of ozone from flowing into the center of the South Pole. This phenomenon is similar to that the eye of typhoon is separated from the outside. At the air of Antarctic stratosphere separated in this way, formation of ozone stops during winter without solar energy. Therefore, climate changes; and ecosystem is destroyed gradually. Increased carbon dioxide is one of the problems causes of melting ice in Polar Regions. Carbon dioxide has increased by 1.5ppmv every year; and it seems that the rate of increase also has risen noticeably since 1980. In other words, average degree alteration of the concentration of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was in less than 10% before industrialization for one hundred thousand years, but almost increased by 30% in two hundred years, compared before with after industrialization after 19th century. As the change of the world population, economy, technology, and social trend, it is expected that the concentration of greenhouse gases will be changed considerably for many years to come. According to forecast of PCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), regarding Carbon dioxide which influence mostly on the atmosphere, under a condition that the world population becomes double by 2100, and that economic growth rate be retained 2~3%, seventy hundred million tons of total carbo n dioxide emissions in 1990 will increase by two hundred million tons in 2100; the concentration in the atmosphere will be more than double by 2030, more than three times by 2100. Moreover, if the carbon dioxide emissions freeze like the level of 1990’s, the time when the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is double can be postponed, but it was reported that the concentration will increase continuously for next two centuries. Due to this growth of carbon dioxide, the air temperature already increased by 0.3~0.6degree from 1860’s to 1990’s; sea level also grew 10~25cm. Furthermore, it was expected that this changes is getting more noticeable exceedingly, compared with earlier 1900. In accordance with IPCC’s prediction, the air temperature will have increased by 1~3.5degree averagely; sea level will have grown by 15~95cm approximately from 1990 to 2100. Given that the air temperature changed in less than one degree for ten thousand years before industrialization, it can be said that this seriousness of the climate change caused by global warming is so big. As trade winds is getting weaker, the sea surface temperature in the middle pacific ocean near the equator is higher than the normal temperature (23~27degree); so that it is known that the frequent occurrence of El Nino phenomenon is also deeply related to the enhanced greenhouse effect. Depending on whether preconditions is realized or not, there might be a change of accuracy of results; but as this abnormal temperature and the growth of sea level are significant changes, numerous changes that a human-being has never experienced can be brought down by destroying the physical and ecological balance which have been retained so far. As global warming and carbon dioxide are increasing, glaciers have collapsed from every quarter. The melted ice is flowing into the ocean at transcending speed. The reason why sea level grows is that glaciers are white; white color reflects heat very well, so that the heat which the glaciers absorb will be decreased if the glaciers are melted. Therefore, thermal expansion happens because seawater absorbs the heat. For instance, if all of the Antarctic glaciers melted, sea level would increase by 60m. However, this old great ice wall has withstood offenses of global warming many times. Few years ago, scientists thought that the glaciers were so huge and dense that it was not too dangerous forthwith. Nevertheless, according to recent research, it can be predicted how high sea level becomes by simple calculation. The ocean will be wide with a growth of sea surface temperature for next one hundred years. If the entire world mountain glacier melted, sea level would increase more than 30cm . Thus, it is predicted that sea-level will increase by about 1m for the next one hundred years. It seems that the increase is not very noticeable, but more than one hundred million people are still living in lower than 1m’s sea level altitude. Many cities should invest an astronomical expense to establish a line of shore defense. According to climate change receive threat the Polar Regions ecosystem. Animals and microbial receive the highest damage. For example, polar bear lost their rest area as glaciers disappear. The polar bear will die out because it is getting more difficult for them to hunt prey. The microbial in Antarctica not differ because they decrease their number of an individual. If food chain is broken by environment, the Earth ecosystem will have a great damage. In conclusion, the Polar Regions is damaged their ecosystem by people out of apathy. We should protect from climate change in Polar Regions because our place to find peace is on the road to extinction. So that’s problem we will solve in the future. Many people participate to protect from climate change in Polar Regions. There is some several remedy such as conserving electricity, planting a tree in order to reduce carbon dioxide and using transportation, etc. we can protect our hands. We should have interest in this problem. Works Cited â€Å"Arctic sea ice (Headline Science: Current News in Science Research)(climate change and the condition to the Arctic sea ice).† Science Teacher. 78. 8. (2011):16-16. Print. Brown, Culum. â€Å"Climate Change: Why Antarctica is melting.† Nature. 487. 7406. (2012): 143-143. Print. Melbourne-Thomas, and Andrew Constable. Etc. â€Å"Testing Paradigms of Ecosystem Change Under Climate Warming in Antarctica.† PLoS ONE. 8. 2. (2013):1-9 Print. Philip L. Munday, Mark I. McCormick and Nilsson Goran E. â€Å"Impact of Global Warming and Rising CO2 levels on Coral Reef Fishes: what hope for the future?† Experimental Biology, 13 August 13: 1. Web. 1 June 2014. Vince Stricherz. â€Å"Tropical Sea Temperatures Influence Melting in Antarctica† LexisNexis Academic. 6 June 2011: 1. Web. 29 May 2014.

Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers fc

I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After spending ten long years on death row, he is escorted today by the warden down the dimly lit white hallway to the room in which judgement day will finally arrive. As he moves closer, he begins to regret having led a violent life of crime and murder that had caused him to be sentenced to death so long ago. The door finally opens, and there he stands face to face with â€Å"old sparky†, a.k.a. the electric chair. He is strapped in and a leather helmet containing a wet sponge is placed over his head along with a brass liner that functions as an entry electrode through which nearly 2500 volts of electricity will pass. The exit electrode- a band of brass also with a soaked sponge- is attached to the prisoner’s shaved calf. As a final preparation, a leather hood is placed over his face.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The switch is then pulled and 2,350 volts strike though the inmate’s body for eight seconds, followed by 22 seconds of one thousand volts. The cycle is repeated immediately. This high-voltage electrocution raises the temperature of his brain to 140 degrees Fahrenheit, and fries his internal organs (Freedberg 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The passage above describes a typical criminal execution by the electric chair, one of the various methods of capital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty. The sentence of death has long been an accepted form of justice, yet today, capital punishment has remained a hotly debated issue. Some believe this punishment to be cruel and unusual and therefore violating the United States Constitution, while in reality the death penalty is fair and just punishment for murder and other extremely violent crimes. With these clashing viewpoints, there are also differences in the policies of various states, with some states supporting the death penalty, and others not. This serves as an injustice because murderers convicted in states such as Texas or Florida, which support the death penalty, will truly be brought to justice, while murderers in states such as North Dakota or Wisconsin will not (Staletovich 5-6). It is with this reasoning that the death penalty should undoubtedly be implemented in all fifty United States and the District of Columbia. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the United States today, capital punishment is an integral part of the criminal justice system, and has... ...red of paying for their care. In addition, the cost of executing versus jailing a prisoner for life cannot be measured exclusively in dollars. Capital punishment has moral value for society and emotional value for families of victims- both unquantifiable (Smith 11). VI.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The death penalty, as you can see, should not be viewed as an act of killing people who kill people just to show that killing people is wrong, but as an act of safeguarding our society from potential or previous murderers and delivering justice to those who kill. Works Cited Barry, John. Is the Death Penalty Cruel and Unusual? 4 Dec. 2000 Brown, David L. The Bible’s Teaching on Capital Punishment. 5 Dec. 2000 Freedberg, Sydney. â€Å"Bloody Execution Leads to Stay for 2nd Inmate.† St. Petersburg Times. 9 Jul. 1999, Newsbank. CD-ROM. Smith, Sharon C. Capital Punishment in the United States. 6 Dec. 2000 Staletovich, Jenny. â€Å"The Electric Chair Power Struggle.† Palm Beach Post. 2 Jan. 2000, SIRS Researcher. CD-ROM. Winter 2000.

Essay --

Freedom of Religion The individual right to freedom of religion means that you can freely practice your religion without the government interfering. It’s in the first amendment of the Bill of Rights, in the Constitution, it protects all U.S. citizens to a certain extent. The first amendment went into effect on December 15th, 1791. 1The first amendment states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof† (American Civil Liberties Union). There are two clauses in the U.S. Constitution that guarantee freedom of religion. The Establishment Clause which prohibits the government from passing legislation to establish an official religion. There is also the Free Exercise Clause, it prohibits the government from interfering with someone’s practice of religion (LII). The first amendment also sets a fine line between states’ rights and the churches rights (Black,130). Throughout time, many things have happened to w here the first amendment has had to been set into play. In 1620, a large group of settlers moved into the New England area, and formed individual colonies. This group was known as the Puritans. The Puritans fled Europe in search of religious freedom, which was not granted by the Church of England. The church expected everyone to turn to the Catholic religion. They worked toward religious reforms, so they could purify the church and their own lives. However, they discovered the church was far beyond reform because it was so powerful (Kizer, Kay). They realized the only way to purify their lives was to break away from the Church of England. They came to America where they could freely practice their religion. At this point in time there was neither a law against nor ... ...ace where every religion is accepted and welcome. It’s supposed to be a place where you can freely practice your religion without people discriminating against it (Washington Times). Another con is that some displays of symbols can be a violation of freedom of religion. It all depends if its for a certain season or if its to benefit or promote a certain religion (Harper, 62 and 63). Depending on what you’re showing, you can get in trouble for trying to convince people to believe in a certain religion. The public school system not allowing kids to read their religious book or let the teachers read excerpts from certain religious books, some feel isn’t right because they should be able to freely express their religion. So depending on who you’re talking about, this could be a negative or positive thing. There are also some cons to freedom of religion, as well as pros.

College Admissions Essay: The Grand Tour :: College Admissions Essays

The Grand Tour    I had many objectives for my trip to Europe. These objectives included making drawings, researching aspects of Western European art and culture, and purchasing research materials while completing an extensive Museum tour beginning in Italy and concluding in Amsterdam.    My trip was eventful, and I did complete my original objectives. I spent six weeks in Florence Italy making drawings under the direction of Professor Barry Gealt, and while there toured the city of Florence and the Tuscan region extensively, visiting the Florentine Ufizzi Galleries, the Venetian wonder of San Rocco and San Marco, as well as the Roman Coliseum.    In search of French hospitality, and the likes of Monet, David, and Gericault, my art historical whirlwind tour landed me in the south of France, then on to the beautiful cities of Spain. While in Spain I visited Barcelona and toured the fairytale buildings of Antonio Gaudi, and rambled down the amazing Ramblas corridor in search of Tapas and spontaneous street performances. Leaving Barcelona, I had my eyes set on seeing the Spanish masters housed in the glowing walls of Madrid's Prado museum. As the intense museum tour rolled on I visited the home and museum of the nineteenth century master Sorrolla, and made drawings of his masterworks. It was from Madrid that I was able to catch a midnight train to Pamplona, arriving just in time to see the annual running of the bulls. I too had to run to catch my next train to Paris to ensure my visit to the Louvre.    It may seem that seeing painting after painting in each city I visited would dampen even the most zealous art enthusiast, on the contrary each new city brought on a new level of understanding that slides in a lecture hall or slick pages of a textbook cannot. To understand the influence of a cultural climate on an artists work while backpacking through the city that was their home is an incomprehensible experience.

Family Interaction

Introduction This paper describes a significant learning family interaction that occurred when I was working in a community placement as a student nurse. I would be reflecting on that family interaction and use the â€Å"One Question Question† approach and analyse how this would contribute to your learning needs and nursing practice. Critical or significant interactions can be defined as situations that make an impression or have a special meaning to an individual.The analysis of such incidents, a useful reflective technique helps us to identify professional capabilities, increase knowledge of self and improve patient care outcomes (Lian, 2001) and lead to practice that is better informed than before the reflection (Usher et al, 2001). Critical reflection on one nurse-family interaction and the impact I was in my community placement where I got an opportunity to interact with an adolescent who was Insulin Dependent Type 2 diabetes and his family.The community nurse visited for the monitoring of the BGL tests and insulin administration as he had fluctuating BGLs and he had a history of not complying with the insulin. He was admitted to hospital numerous times with episodes of hypoglycaemias and hyperglycaemias. The family were very concerned about him and were worried about his erratic lifestyle. I must say the interactions I had with this family had some impact on me and I realised my shortcomings and learning needs. I used John’sIs this the right essay for you? Watch the video below to read 2 more pages now. or Sign Up for Free and read the full essay Cite This Essay APA (2011, 05). Critical Reflection on One Nurse-Family Interaction. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 05, 2011, from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Critical-Reflection-On-One-Nurse-Family-Interaction-708992. html MLA CHICAGO Welcome StudyMode. com is the web's leading learning tool. We inspire millions of students every day with over 650,000 model essays nd papers, AP notes and book note s. Learn More Related essays Weekly Critical Reflection: Week One †¦ Weekly Critical Reflection: Week One 1. a. Identify one legal rule†¦ 4 pagesJan 2012 Critically Reflective Portfolio Extract Related To One Of The Nmc (2004) Standards Of Proficiency For Pre-Registration Nursing Education, Allowing The Integration Of Theory With Practice †¦ assignment is to produce a critically reflective portfolio extract related†¦ 10 pagesMar 2011 a 2000 Word Reflection On One Specific Conversation Where Personal Communication And Interpersonal Skills Has Had a Direct Impact On The Patient's Nursing Care †¦ A 2000 word reflection on one specific conversation where personal†¦ 9 pagesMar 2012 Nursing Mentorship Critical Reflection †¦ my mentees as possible. To that end, this essay will be a critical reflection†¦ 12 pagesJul 2012 a Critical Reflection On Pshe †¦ A critical reflection on PSHE This essay will look at the teaching of an†¦ 12 pagesMay 20 11

Coffee shop business plan Essay

1.0 executive abbreviation sacred thou volition interpret a relaxing, Christian-focused, neighborhood-centered place with newly roasted java, strong suit drinks, good books, and music. inspirational trackway yard is the answer to an increasing demand. Our distinguish in market wantsNeighborhood businesses in southern around commutation MinneapolisGreat burnt umber at a competitive priceA comfortable place to socialize with new(prenominal)s with homogeneous interests sacred Grounds culture is to furnish the community with a social, entertaining melody where Christian neighbors can meet apiece other in a neutral, non-denominational setting.inspirational Grounds is incorporated as an S corporation. This get out shield the geter from issues of individualized liability and multiply taxation.This proposal is brisk to obtain financing in the union of $80,000. The supplemental financing is indispensable to fixate the selected aim, purchase equipment, and c everypla ce expenses during the first yr of operation. The proprietor bequeath invest $15,000 of her own into the business.This financing depart allow sacred Grounds to successfully open and manage operations. The large initial capital enthronement will allow sacred Grounds to provide its customers with an inviting cash dispenser and quality products. A rum, upscale and modern surroundings is required to provide customers with an atmosphere that will lay down socialization. Successful operation in class one will provide inspirational Grounds with a customer ungenerous that will allow it to be egotism sufficient in year two. flat with our conservative sales forecast, we will defy a positive cash menstruation in all months, repay the add in 12 long time, and have a positive net income worth everywhere $27,000 by year tether. We project that our net profits will increase from $12,000 to over $14,000 over the next three years. map HIGHLIGHTS1.1 OBJECTIVESInspirational Grounds objectives for the first three years of operation includeThe insertion of a unique, upscale, innovative apparitional environment that will evidence Inspirational Grounds from topical anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic coffee tree shops.To make Inspirational Grounds the finishing for quality coffee in a welcoming atmosphere for population who be serious or so their coffee and increment in their spirituality.The system of an environment that will bring people with diverse backgrounds and interests together in a common forum.To be an active and song portion of the community, and to provide continual re-investment by participation in community activities and financial contributions.Consistently providing slight oddity beverages, bakehouse items, inspirational books, and music.1.2 KEYS TO SUCCESSThe keys to the success for Inspirational Grounds areThe debut of a unique, innovative, upscale atmosphere that will differentiate Inspirational Grounds from other local coffe e shops and future coffee shops. scented Coffee roasted on-site day-after-day will give customers a unique experience as well as excellent product.Selling beverages and products that are of the highest quality.The creation of an environment that wont daunt the spiritual seeker. Inspirational Grounds will position itself as an educational imaginativeness for individuals wishing to learn about the benefits of growing spiritually.The establishment of Inspirational Grounds as a community hub for socialization and entertainment. raise the two most important value in Christianity love and service.1.3 MISSIONAs people are becoming much interested in their spiritual side, a neighborhood shop with excellent new roasted coffee and non-denominational Christian books and tapes, is a welcomed alternative and/or addition to the local church. Inspirational Grounds is a specialty beverage establishment focused on providing freshly roasted coffee beans, coffee/espresso drinks and information to enhance our customers spiritual experience. We overly understand that coffee drinkers interested in growing spiritually want a destination, not just a localization of functionwe provide them with the best of some(prenominal).Our goal is to be the destination for Christian coffee drinkers seeking a non-secular environment in the opposite number Cities area. People of all ages and backgrounds will come to enjoy the unique upscale, educational, motivational and innovative environment that Inspirational Grounds provides.We confide it is important to remain an active member of the community and to impact our customers lives in much ways than the selling of specialty drinks.2.0 community SUMMARYInspirational Grounds, Minneapolis to the south rally area, will offer great specialty beverages and easy portal to exciting spiritual information. Inspirational Grounds sells quality products and provides excellent customer service for coffee lovers and persons tone to enhance their sp iritual experience. We are feel to lease a retail enclose which we will use to market and swop our products. The company took its name in July 2002, and nonionised as an S Corporation in October, 2003.Our book and music selection and adjuvant staff will appeal to the reference that is seeking to grow and learn spiritually in this age of uncertainty. This invigorating horizon will attract younger and immemorial members alike who are gaining interest in their spiritual condition. The central location will provide easy access from most points of origin throughout the Twin city area for those who will recognize Inspirational Grounds as a destination point, as well as provide local community residents with convenient access to freshly roasted coffee.2.1 go with self-commandInspirational Grounds is incorporated as an S corporation. This will shield the owner Regina Brown from issues of personal liability and double taxation. The Corporation was formed in October of 2003.2.2 COM PANY LOCATIONS AND FACILITIESThe site, Midtown Commons (Also known as the Sears Project), is turn up in South Central Minneapolis. The initial space is approximately 2,000 square feet and has vast space for the first three years of growth. The complex has ample parking and material foot traffic from Allina Healthcare constituent Facility. This area was chosen for various reasons, including proximity to other areas within the Twin Cities Central location easily accessed.Proximity to the Lyn/Lake and uptown areas.High Visibility.Proximity to the many local churches in South Central Minneapolis. versatile population within the community.Desire for South Central Businesses.Scarcity of other coffee houses in the area.Proximity to the light rail depot and 12th Precinct of the Minneapolis police.All of these qualities are consistent with Inspirational Grounds goal of providing a community hub for socialization and entertainment.2.3 START-UP SUMMARYInspirational Grounds start-up costs w ill cover coffee, espresso, and specialty drink reservation equipment, micro-roasting equipment, training, site renovation and modification, capital for direct expenses in the first year, and the inventory demand to provide customers with the informationneeded to grow.A large portion of our start-up requirements will go towards the purchase of specialty drink equipment from Espresso Services, Inc. Our semipermanent assets will includeOne espresso forgeOne micro-roasting systeman Espresso wedge/doser pissing filtration systemExpensed equipment includesA Bulk grinder for drip coffeeSingle airpot beer makerSmoothie blenderMinor supererogatory equipmentAdditionally, we need funding for initial inventory, both for the coffee shop side of things and the other specialty merchandise, books, and music. Music items will be purchased from Provident Music, Diamante Music Group, and clean Day Christian Distributors among others. Books and other inspirational material will be purchased fr om Bridge-Logos Publishers, KCM, Bethany syndicate Distributors, and others.The site Inspirational Grounds chooses will require funds for renovation and modification. A single assessmentd figure will be allocated for this purpose. The renovation/modification cost estimate will include the costs associated with preparing the site for opening business.

Oraganization Behavior

movement OverviewWhat do you neediness to do to distinguish yourself in the workplace? Clearly, technical skills ar necessary. But they be non enough. Frequently, technically skilled individuals are not able to get their ideas implement. Sometimes ideas get implemented but without real commitment to them. To be palmy in an brass, a person needs to be able to function effectively in interacting with others. social skills such as communicating well, handling conflict, construct relationships, exercising power, and motivating others are necessary to be a successful manager. The knowledge and skills learned in this syllabus should enable you, with practice and commitment, to contribute more meaningfully to any group or organization to which you belong.Course ObjectivesHaving taken this billet, you should be able to 1) Better examine problems that may be causing difficulties in the workplace. 2) cypher more minutely and systematically about these problems. 3) some(prenom inal)ize opportunities for organizational improvements. 4) Translate theoretical knowledge into operable action more effectively. 5) Work more collaboratively in a team. 6) Speak and write more clearly, concisely, and effectively. 7) lick power so that others follow your direction. 8) Develop go bad insight into what makes you tick.Course Materials1. Two cases should be arranged from Harvard Business School Publishing (hold off on ordering for the first four weeks of class) (a) Jet blue(a) (9-801-354) and (b) Thomas Green Power, Politics, and a Career Crisis (2095). It is viable that a third case may be added to this list.2. There allow be a derive of handouts. 3. There is no textbook for this course. Rather, I will rely on your getting access to several articles that are available online through our library (if you need help accessing these, please let me know). The articles are excessively available in our library. You also may be able to find articles via a Web search u sing a browser such as Google. A couple of articles will be turn over out. I would recommend that you get a reaper binder or a folder to hold the class materials.Course RequirementsI will post announcements on the courses web localise concerning assignments. If you are unclear on what is callable or what will be covered in the next class, send me an email. 1. Attendance Your attendance is critical for the success of this course and for your individual performance. If you miss a class, you are responsible for the material covered. 2. Participation Students are expected to participate during class discussions of cases, handouts, videos, and readings. I instigate you to bring relevant issues from the real world to our attention. 3. Assignments (more decimal point will be provided during class and via web site announcements).